The House of Representatives has ratified defence agreements between the Indonesian government and the Chinese and Germany governments, passing two bills into law on Tuesday. One of the new laws ratifies a defence agreement previously achieved between the government of former president Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono and its Chinese counterpart in Beijing on Nov. 27, 2007. The other law ratifies a memorandum of understanding (MoU) on Indonesia-Germany defence cooperation signed in Berlin by Defence Deputy Minister Sjafrie Sjamsoeddin and Germany’s State Secretary at the Defence Ministry Rüdiger Wolf in February 2012. The defence cooperation between Indonesia and Germany would include military training, research and development, disaster management, military logistics, healthcare and peacekeeping missions.